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The treatise "Of the Imitation of Christ" appears to have been
originally written in Latin early in the fifteenth century. Its exact date
and its authorship are still a matter of debate. Manuscripts of the Latin
version survive in considerable numbers all over Western Europe, and they,
with the vast list of translations and of printed editions, testify to its almost
unparalleled popularity. One scribe attributes it to St. Bernard of
Clairvaux; but the fact that is contains a quotation from St. Francis of
Assisi, who was born thirty years after the death of St. Bernard, disposes
of this theory. In England there exist many manuscripts of the first three
books, called "Musica Ecclesiastica," frequently ascribed to the English
mystic Walter Hilton. But Hilton seems to have died in 1395, and there
is no evidence of the existence of the work before 1400. Many
manuscripts scattered throughout Europe ascribe the book to Jean le
Charlier de Gerson, the great Chancellor of the University of Paris, who
was a leading figure in the Church in the earlier part of the fifteenth
century. The most probable author, however, especially when the
internal evidence is considered, is Thomas Haemmerlein, known also as
Thomas a Kempis, from his native town of Kempen, near the Rhine, about
forty miles north of Cologne. Haemmerlein, who was born in 1379 or
1380, was a member of the order of the Brothers of Common Life, and
spent the last seventy years of his life at Mount St. Agnes, a monastery of
Augustinian canons in the diocese of Utrecht. Here he died on July 26,
1471, after an uneventful life spent in copying manuscripts, reading, and
composing, and in the peaceful routine of monastic piety.
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