Akkadian-English Dictionary. Epistemology. Etymology. Terminology. History. Texts translation. Linguistic cross-references. Comparative Lexicon/Thesaurus of Akkadian, Sumerian, Assyrian, Babylonian, Chaldean, Phoenician, Ugaritic, Aramaic, Syriac, Hebrew, Arabic. With additional linguistic cross-references: Turkish, Urdu and Persian (Farsi). Volume 3 from a set of 3 volumes. A most unique dictionary of the Akkadian language on many levels; mainly because of its comparison and analogy between Akkadian and 14 languages of the ancient world. Thousands of entries, definitions and epistemological explanation of the origin of the word, its derivation and variants in other languages. Abundance of photos, maps, illustrations and sketches.

Samples of how words are defined, translated and explained in Akkadian and other languages of the era and the ancient world.

? Gan: Akkadian/Sumerian. Noun. a-A field. b-A piece of land. c-A garden. From Gan, derived the Arabic word Janayna, which means a garden, and the word Janna (Janah), which means the paradise as mentioned in the Quran. The Arabic "Ganat Adan" in Arabic, and the Hebrew "Gan Eden" (the Garden of Eden) derived from the Aramaic words Gan, Ganta and Gentaa, meaning park; garden. Garden of Eden is Gentaa Edeen in Aramaic and Assyrian. The Arabic word "Janat" derived from the Aramaic word Ganta. The word Eden is an Assyrian loan-word "Edinu", synonymous with Seru, which means a steppe, a plain, a field. From the Assyrian Seru, derived the Arabic word Zaur, which is the name of a region located south of Babylon. Not to confound it with the other Aramaic word "Ganta", which means a suitcase; Chanta in Arabic.

? Ha: Akkadian/Aramaic. Number. One. Ha in Assyrian is an adverb, and means many. In Hebrew, Ha is an article "the". Hebrew and Aramaic do not use the indefinite articles "a" or "an". Ha in Hittite is a verb, and means to believe. Ha in Sumerian and Akkadian is a noun, and means a fish. Ha is also a prefix in Phoenician, proto-Ugaritic, Neo-Assyrian, Akkadian, and Hebrew. The Tanakh contains 84 names with the prefix Ha. This prefix was often used in Neo Assyrian literature, texts, and during Biblical times.

? Lishannu: Akkadian. Noun. A tongue. Leshono in Aramaic. Leshono in Assyrian. Lashunu, Lashuna, and Lashon in Sumerian. Lashunu, Lashuna, and Lashon in Hebrew. Lishannu in ancient Assyrian.
? Lishanna in contemporary Assyrian Eastern dialect. Lisan and Lisano in Arabic. From the Arabic word Lisan, derived the Turkish word Lisan. Nota Bene: Lisan in Arabic also means a language.

? Malku: Akkadian/Assyrian. Noun. A king. Malka in contemporary Assyrian Eastern dialect. Malko in contemporary Assyrian Western dialect. Malak in Hebrew. Malak in Arabic. Malaka in Aramaic. Some theologians, including the early Hebraic scholars, and Kabalists called the Malakim (Plural in Hebrew) Malaa'ikah (Plural in Arabic), the children of the heaven. The Aramaic and Arabic word Malakut means the kingdom of God. Malkoth in Hebrew also means the kingdom of God. Malakout in the Brahman literature means the Divine One. Not to confound it with the Aramaic word Malka, which means king; Malak in Arabic, and Melech in Hebrew.

? Gele Reshi: Akkadian. Adjective. Bare head. From Gele Reshi, derived the Assyrian words Gilya Resha (Bare head). From Reshi, derived the Arabic words Ras, which means head, and Reyes, Rayes, Ra'is, which mean chief and head of a group, or a president. Reish and Rosh in Hebrew.

? Gerra "Gherra": Sumerian/Akkadian. Noun. Name of the god of fire and thunder, and son of Anunitu in several Semitic pantheons. Gerra was an important deity worshiped by the Akkadians, the Babylonians and the Sumerians. He is: a-Gibil (Ishum) in Sumerian. b-Girra and Girru in Akkadian. c-Gerra Ishum in Babylonian. Gerra was invoked to protect against black magic, spells, curses, and sorcery. He was mentioned in the Erra and Ishum tablets.

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